Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642, in Woolsthorpe, United Kingdom, and died on 20 March 20, 1727, in London, England. Newton was a polymath. He focused on mathematics, physics, astronomy, optics, alchemy, theology, and writing. He played a key role in the Enlightenment. He developed classical mechanics, advanced the field of optics significantly, and invented (discovered?) infinitesimal calculus.