A-Z PROFILES
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was born February 12, 1809, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S. and he died April 15, 1865 in Washington, D.C.. Lincoln was 16th president of the United States (1861–65). He preserved the Union during the American Civil War and more or less ended slavery in the United States.
Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace was born on December 10, 1815 in Piccadilly Terrace, Middlesex [which is now in London], England and she died on November 27, 1852 in Marylebone, London. Lovelace was an English mathematician and is often considered to be the first computer programmer.
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born on 14 March 1879 in Ulm, Germany, and died on 18 April 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey. Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist. He made incredible contributions such as his theory of relativity and the famous equation E=mc^2. He is acknowledged by many as one of the greatest scientists of all time and his name is often synonymous with genius.
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton was born on January 11, 1755, or 1757 [it’s debated] in Saint Kitts and Nevis and died on July 12, 1804, in New York City, New York. Hamilton was a Nevisian-born statesman, American military officer, and Founding Father. He played a significant role in the United States’ financial beginnings and served as the first secretary of the treasury from the years 1789 to 1795.
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
Alexander the Great of Macedon was born on July 20/21, 356 BC in Pella, Greece, and died on June 10/11 323 BC in Babylon, Iraq BC. He took over Macedonian rule from his father Phillip II early, at age 20 and spent most of his life on a long military campaign throughout the Middle East. Within 10 years of taking power, he amassed one of the largest empires in history stretching from Greece to India. He is considered one of the greatest military leaders of all time and went undefeated in battle.
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT
Alexander von Humboldt was born on September 14, 1769 in Berlin, Germany and died on May 6, 1859 in Berlin, Germany. Humboldt was a German polymath. He focused on subjects such as geography, biology, ecology, and he was a tremendous explorer. He played an extremely vital role in developing what we call “Nature” today. He helped us understand that Nature is a tree of life and that everything is connected.
ALFRED THE GREAT
Alfred the Great was c. 849 in Wantage, United Kingdom, and died on October 26, 899 in Winchester, United Kingdom. Alfred reigned as the King of the West Saxons from 871 to 886 and as the King of the Anglo-Saxons from 886 until his passing in 899. Alfred’s reign brought forth significant administrative and military reforms that left a lasting impact on England. AND he defended against many viking attacks.
ANDREW CARNEGIE
Andrew Carnegie was born on November 25, 1835, in Dunfermline, Scotland, and died on August 11, 1919, in Lenox, Massachusetts. Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist. He played a significant role in the growth of the American steel industry. He amassed one of the greatest fortunes in American history as a result. Upon his death he only had 10% of his fortune left, giving away hundreds of millions throughout the years to schools, foundations, and charities.
ARCHIMEDES
Archimedes was born c. 287 and died c. 212 BC. Archiemdes was a Greek pollymath. He focused on mathematics, physics, engineering, astronomy, and inventing. Not that much is known about his life. He is often regarded as the Greatest scientist of antiquity. He is famous for the Archimedes principal regarding buopyancy, and inventing devices such as the Archimedes screw and the first ever compound pulley.
ARISTOTLE
Aristotle was born c. 384 in Ancient Greece and died c. 322 BC in Chalcis, Greece. Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. He was focused on just about everything: biology, logic, poetry, ethics, zoology, physics, drama, rhetoric, government, economics, psychology, philosophy, etc. He founded a Peripatetic school in Athens called the Lyceum. He had been taught by Plato and mentored Alexander the Great. Aristotle more or less laid the ground work for modern science.
BABE RUTH
Babe Ruth (George Herman Ruth) was born on February 6, 1895, and died on August 16, 1948. Ruth was an American professional baseball player. He played 22 seasons. He was called the “The Sultan of Swat” and “The Bambino.” He is considered one of the Great American Sports Heroes. And many consider him the best baseball player of all time.
BEN FRANKLIN
Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in Boston, Massachusetts, and died on April 17, 1790, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Franklin was an American polymath. He focused on subjects such as writing, science, politics, and printing. He was considered a great intellectual of his time and a Founding Father of the United States. He helped draft the Declaration of Independence, was the “middleman” between the US and France during the American Revolution, and served as the first United States Postmaster General.
CARL JUNG
Carl Jung was born on July 26, 1875, in Switzerland and died on June 6, 1961 in Switzerland. Jung was a Swiss psychologist, who founded analytical psychology and influenced psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, psychology, and religious studies. He worked at the Burghölzli psychiatric hospital in Zurich and developed a significant friendship with Sigmund Freud. Jung is revered as one of the most influential psychologists ever.
CHARLEMAGNE
Charlemagne was born on April 2, 747 and died on January 28, 814. Charlemagne was the King of the Franks and Lombards. He united the majority of Western and Central Europe. He was the first ruler to hold power over Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. He founded the Carolginian Empire—the first phase of the Holy Roman Empire. Many refer to him as the Father of Europe.
CHARLES DARWIN
Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England, and died on April 19, 1882, in England. Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist. He is most famous for his contributions to evolutionary biology. Specifically, his ideas about all species of life descending from a common ancestor and natural selection were the most impactful.
CONFUCIUS
Confucius was born c. 551 and died c. 479 BC in China. Confucius was an esteemed Chinese philosopher and statesman from the Spring and Autumn period, is widely regarded as the epitome of wisdom in Chinese tradition. His profound teachings and philosophical principles continue to shape and influence East Asian culture and society, holding significant sway in China and across East Asia even in modern times.
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT
Constantine the Great was born February 27, c. 272 in Naissus and died on May 22, 337 in Turkey. Constantine was the Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and he was the first to embrace Christianity. He achieved military success in both eastern and western provinces, ultimately triumphing in civil wars against Maxentius and Licinius. By 324, he emerged as the sole ruler of the Roman Empire.
CORNELIUS VANDERBILT
Cornelius Vanderbilt was born on May 27, 1794 in New York, and died on January 4, 1877 in New York City, New York. Many called him “The Commodore.” Vanderbilt was an American industrialist. He built his wealth through railroads and shipping. Through his railroad empire, he made much of the United States available to the ambitious people of a growing country.
CYRUS THE GREAT
Cyrus the Great was born c. 600 in Ira and died c. 530 BC in Asia. Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian empire. Under his rule, the empire expanded, conquering much of Western Asia and Central Asia, encompassing the ancient Near East and stretching from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus River. The Achaemenid Empire, at its largest, extended from Eastern Bulgaria to the Indus Valley.
ELON MUSK
Elon Musk was born on June 28, 1971 in Pretoria, South Africa. Musk is a technologist, engineer, and business magnate. He is leading many companies including SpaceX, Tesla, Neuralink, The Boring Company, and Twitter. He can often be found at the top of the list of the wealthiest people in the world. He is focused on optimizing human life and safeguarding the existence of consciousness.
ENRICO FERMI
Enrico Fermi was born September 29, 1901 in Rome, Italy and died on November 28, 1954 in Chicago, Illinois. Fermi was a physicist who achieved notable accomplishments in the field of physics. He is renowned for constructing the world’s first nuclear reactor. In 1938, he was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on induced radioactivity through neutron bombardment and the discovery of transuranium elements. He also made significant contributions to statistical mechanics, quantum theory, and the advancement of nuclear and particle physics.
ERNEST HEMINGWAY
Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, and died on July 2, 1961, in Ketchum, Idaho. Hemingway was an American writer. He lived an adventurous lifestyle and had a strong influence on fiction in the 1900s. Many of his works are considered American literature classics.
ERNEST SHACKLETON
Ernest Shackleton was born on February 15, 1874, in Kilkea, Ireland, and died on January 5, 1922 at sea off the coast of South Georgia. Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer. He led three British expeditions to the Antarctic region. He’s often considered one of the great leaders of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
FRANCIS DRAKE
Sir Francis Drake was born c. 1540 in England and died on January 28, 1596 in the Caribbean Sea. Drake was an English explorer and privateer. He is most famous for his circumnavigation of the globe between 1577 – 1580 (he was the first Englishman to make this expedition. He was also involed in the slave trade unfortunately. Fromm a common seaman he amde it all the way to Vice Admiral and helped to defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588.
FRANZ LISZT
Franz Liszt was born on October 22, 1811 in Austria and died on July 31, 1886 in Beyrouth, Germany. Liszt was a Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist. He was famous for his unconventional work, like tying other art forms to music. For example, he invented the symphonic poem, a single-movement work intended to convey a literary idea. And he was considered the first rockstar! Women loved him. Men envied him. He “raised the audiences to a level of mystical ecstasy.” He was basicallly the first one to act and perform like a modern day rockstar.
FREDERICK THE GREAT
Frederick the Great was born on January 24, 1712, in Berlin, Germany, and died on August 17, 1786, in Potsdam, Germany. Frederick the Great’s major achievements include military victories in the Silesian wars, restructuring the Prussian Army, partitioning Poland, and supporting the arts and Enlightenment. He expanded Prussia’s territories significantly, transforming it into a key European military power.
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
Friedrich Nietzsche was born on October 15, 1844, in Röcken, Lützen, Germany, and died on August 25, 1900, in Weimar, Germany. Nietzsche was a German philosopher, writer, and cultural critic. His work had a tremendous impact on contemporary philosophy and is considered by many to be one of the most influential thinkers of his time.
GALILEO GALILEI
Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy, and died on January 8, 1642, in Arcetri, Italy. Galileo was an Italian astronomer mathematician, and physicist. His work contributed significantly to the development of the scientific method, especially in the sense that the book of nature was written with the language of mathematics. He also made great strides in observational astronomy, allowing the Copernican heliocentric theory to be accepted.
GENGHIS KHAN
Genghis Khan was born c. 1162 and died August 25, 1227. Khan was the pioneering leader and inaugural khagan of the Mongol Empire, which went on to become the most expansive contiguous land empire ever recorded. Through his tireless efforts in unifying the Mongol tribes, he orchestrated a series of military conquests that resulted in the subjugation of substantial territories in China and Central Asia.
GEORGE LUCAS
George Lucas was born on May 14, 1944 in Modesto, California. Lucas is an American filmmaker. He created popular franchies such as Indiana Jones and Star Wars. He also shook up the movie making industry with companies such as LucasArts, Lucasfilm, Industrial Light & Magic, and THX. He is considered to be a pioneer of the 20th century movie industry.
GEORGE WASHINGTON
George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, in Westmoreland County, Virginia, and died on December 14, 1799, in Mount Vernon, Virginia. Washington was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father. He served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. He led the Continental Army to victory during the American Revolutionary War. He has been called the “Father of his Country” due to his stellar leadership as the United States became a nation.
HELEN KELLER
Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880 in Tuscumbia Alabama and died on June 1, 1968 in Westport Connecticut. Keller lost her sight and hearing at 19 months old due to illness. Until the age of seven, Keller communicated primarily using home signs. It was then that she met her lifelong companion, Anne Sullivan, who became her first teacher. Sullivan taught Keller language, including reading and writing. Despite being deaf and blind, Keller attended specialist and mainstream schools, and eventually enrolled in Radcliffe College of Harvard University, becoming the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree in the United States.
HENRY FORD
Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863, in Detroit, Michigan and died on – April 7, 1947 in Detroit, Michigan. Ford was an American industrialist. He founded the Ford Motor Company and he led the company to produce the first affordable automobile. He revolutionized assembly lines in the process as well. This wave of affordable automobiles that came largely from Ford’s influence changed the way that the average person lived entirely.
HORATIO NELSON
Horatio Nelson was born on September 29, 1758 in Burnham Thorpe, United Kingdom and died on October 21, 1805 in the Atlantic Ocean. Nelson was a British naval commadner. He is revered for his strong leadership and naval war strategy. He is often considered one of the greatest leaders to ever command men on the high seas.
HUMPHREY BOGART
Humphrey Bogart was born on December 25, 1899 New York City and died on January 14, 1957 in Los Angeles. Bogart, a distinguished actor in both film and stage, became an iconic figure in American culture due to his memorable performances in classical Hollywood cinema. In fact, his exceptional talent was recognized in 1999, when the American Film Institute bestowed upon him the esteemed title of the greatest male star in the history of classic American cinema.
ISAAC NEWTON
Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642, in Woolsthorpe, United Kingdom, and died on 20 March 20, 1727, in London, England. Newton was a polymath. He focused on mathematics, physics, astronomy, optics, alchemy, theology, and writing. He played a key role in the Enlightenment. He developed clascial mechanics, advanced the field of optics significantly and invented (discovered?) infinitesimal calculus.
ISAMBARD KINGDOM BRUNEL
Isambard Kingdom Brunel was born on April 9, 1806, in Portsmouth, England, and died on September 15, 1859, in the City of Westminster, England. Brunel was an English engineer. He designed ships, bridges, tunnels, and railways, namely the Great Western Railway. He is often regarded as one of the most prolific engineers in history and he revolutionized public transport.
J.R.R. TOLKIEN
J.R.R. Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892, in Bloemfontein, South Africa, and died on September 2, 1973, in Bournemouth, England. Tolkien was an English writer. He is most famous for his works: The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings.
JESUS CHRIST
Jesus Christ was born c. 4 BC and died 30 or 33 AD. Jesus was a Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the central figure of Christianity. Most Christians believe he is the Son of God and the prophesised Messiah mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH
Johann Sebastian Bach was born on March 21, 1685, in Eisenach, Germany, and died on July 28, 1750, in Leipzig, Germany. Bach was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral, instrumental, keyboard, organ, and vocal compositions. Bach is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in Western music history.
JOHN ADAMS
John Adams was born on October 30, 1735, in Braintree, Massachusetts and died on July 4, 1826, in Quincy, Massachusetts. Adams was an attorney American statesman, and Founding Father. He served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801 and helped America gain its freedom.
JULIUS CAESAR
Gaius Julius Caesar was born July 12, 100 BC in Rome, Italy, and died on March 15, 44 BC in Rome, Italy. Caesar was a Roman general and statesman. He commanded the Roman armies through wars such as the Gallic wars and a civil war in which he faced his political rival Pompey. He was the emperor of Rome until his assassination. He ushered in a new era for Rome, the fall of the Roman Republic and the birth of the Roman Empire.
LEONARDO DA VINCI
Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15,1452 in Italy and died on May 2, 1519 in France. Da Vinci was an Italian polymath. He focused on painting, engineering, anatomy, scupting, and architecture. He is most famous for his painting, like the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. His notebooks are also quite famous, containing drawings and backwards written notes on all sorts of matters. He is considered to be on of the greatest geniuses of all time.
LUDWIG BEETHOVEN
Ludwig van Beethoven was born on December 17, 1770, in Bonn, Germany, and died on March 12, 1827, in Vienna, Austria. Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. He is often considered to be in the classical music hall of fame, amongst other greats like Mozart, Haydn, Brahms, etc. His work is some of the most admired in all of Western music.
MANSA MUSA
Mansa Musa reigned c. 1312 – c. 1337. Musawas the ninth mansa of the Mali Empire and oversaw its territorial peak. Known for his wealth and generosity, he’s hailed as history’s richest person, yet the true extent of his fortune remains uncertain. His riches came from mining gold and salt, and engaging in the slave and ivory trade.
MARIE CURIE
Marie Curie was born on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, and died on July 4, 1934, in Passy, France. Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist. She is most famous for her work on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a nobel prize. In her family alone, 5 Nobel prizes have been won.
MARK TWAIN
Mark Twain was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, and died on April 21, 1910 in Redding, Connecticut. Twain was an American writer primarily but also pursued entrepreneurship, publishing, and lecturing. He produced popular works such as Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He is regarded by many as one of the greatest American writers to ever walk the planet.
MICHAEL FARADAY
Michael Faraday was born on September 22, 1791 in London, United Kingdom and died on August 25, 1867 in Molesey, United Kingdom. Faraday was an English chemist and physicist. He was most famous for his work in electricity (specifically electromagnetism and electrochemistry). The most profound of this discoveries were on the nature of electromagnetic induction, electrolysis and diamagnetism.
MICHAEL JORDAN
Michael Jordan was born on February 17, 1963 in New York City, New York. Jordan was a professional basketball player. Many refer to him as the greatest basketball player of all time. He collected 6 championship rings with the Chicago Bulls. He played a significant role in popularizing the sport of basketball nationally and internationally.
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in Ajaccio, France and died on May 5, 1821 on the island of St. Helena. Napoleon was a French military commander and political leader. He ascended to power at the time of the French Revolution. He led the French Nation as Consul and later Emperor of the French for about 15 years. He is often regarded as one of the greatest military leaders of all time and his war time strategies are still studied today.
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
Nicolaus Copernicus was born on February 19, 1473 and died on May 24, in Toruń, Poland and died on May 24, 1543 in Frombork, Poland. Copernicus was a polymath. He focused on subjects like mathematics, astronomy, and religion. He came up with the theory that Earth revolved around the Sun (like all things in history… it’s debated as to whether there were individuals prior to him that came up with the theory, but he is often credited with the idea).
NIKOLA TESLA
Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856 in Smiljan, Croatia and died on January 7, 1943 in New York City, New York. Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor and engineer. He is most famous for his work regarding AC (alternating current) energy. But he also explored hydropower, wireless technology, and other various futuristic technologies that impact us today.
PABLO PICASSO
Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in Malaga, Spain, and died on – April 8, 1973, in France. Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer. He resided primarily in France throughout his adult life. Renowned as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, Picasso co-founded the Cubist movement, pioneered constructed sculpture and collage, and extensively explored various artistic styles.
PETER FREUCHEN
Peter Freuchen was born February 20, 1886 and died September 20, 1957. Fruechen was a renowned Danish adventurer, writer, reporter, and anthropologist who gained recognition for his significant contributions to Arctic exploration, specifically through his involvement in the Thule Expeditions.
PETER THE GREAT
Peter the Great 9 June, 1672 in Moscow, Russia and died on February 8, 1725 in St. Petersburg, Russia. Peter the Great was a Russian monarch who ruled over the Tsardom of Russia for 4 decades (the first half of that time he jointly ruled with his brother ). He practically pulled Russia out of the Medieval ages and helped Russia find its place on Europe’s stage of power.
PLATO
Plato was born circa 428/427 in Athens, Ancient Greece and died circa 348/347 BC in Athens, Ancient Greece. Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher. He founded the famous philosophy school: the Academy. In that school Platonism was developedHis views on life and philosophy influenced large amounts of people throughout all the years after his death.
Pythagoras
Pythagoras was born c. 570 BC on the island of Samos and died c. 490 BC in Metapontum Village, Italy. Pythagoras was an ancient Greek philosopher, who founded Pythagoreanism and influenced the likes of Plato, Aristotle, and Western philosophy. His life is veiled in legend, but he hailed from Samos and established a secretive school in Croton, Italy around 530 BC. The school promoted communal living and asceticism, including dietary restrictions like vegetarianism (though some modern scholars question this). He also is responsible for the famous Pythagorean theorem.
RALPH WALDO EMERSON
Ralph Waldo Emerson was born on May 25, 1803 in Boston, Massachusetts and died on April 27, 1882 in Concord, Massachusetts. Emerson was an American writer and philosopher. He (along with Henry David Thoreau) led the transcendentalist movement of mid 1800s. Transcendentalists believed God pervaded all things and there was no need for intermediaries for spiritual insight.
SALADIN
Saladin was born c. 1137 Tikrīt, Iraq and died on March 4, 1193 in Damascus, Syria. Saladin was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty (covering Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen). He is often regarded as the most famous Muslim hero. In his wars with the Christian Crusaders, he overtook Jerusalem from the Franks, who had controlled the area for nearly a century.
SIGMUND FREUD
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Příbor, Czechia and died on September 23, 1939 in London, England. Freud was an Austrian psychologist. He founded psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis explored relieving people of pathologies be uncovering conflicts within the psyche.
SIMON BOLIVAR
Simón Bolívar was born on July 24, 1783 in Caracas, Venezuela and died on December 17, 1830 in Santa Marta, Colombia. Bolívar was a Venezuelan military/political leader. He is often referred to as El Libertador. He led many countries to their freedom from the Spanish Empire. The countries which gained their independence were Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, and Bolivia.
SOCRATES
Socrates was born c. 470 in Athens, Greece, and died in 399 BC in Athens, Greece. Socrates was a Greek philosopher, and founder of Western philosophy. His ideas are known through accounts by students Plato and Xenophon. He engaged in dialogues, inspiring the Socratic dialogue genre. Accused of impiety and corrupting youth, he faced a trial, death sentence, and declined escape, spending his final day in prison
SPARTACUS
Spartacus was born c. 103 and died in 71 BC Italy. Spartacus was a Thracian gladiator who, in collaboration with other escaped slaves such as Crixus, Gannicus, Castus, and Oenomaus, led a monumental rebellion against the Roman Republic, known as the Third Servile War. Though our knowledge about him is limited and occasionally conflicts in historical narratives, it is unanimously agreed that he was not only an ex-gladiator but also a skilled military commander.
STEVE JOBS
Steve Jobs was born February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California and died on October 5, 2011 in Palo Alto, California. Jobs was an American business. He is most widely recognized for his leadership at Apple. He was a pioneer of the personal computer revolution during the 1970s/80s and also accelerated the adoption of the smartphone.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858 in New York City, New York and died on January 6, 1919 in Oyster Bay, New York. Roosevelt was an American statesmen. He served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He played a key role in the anti-trust movement against big business and also established the National Parks in the US.
THOMAS EDISON
Thomas Edison was born on February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio and died on October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey. Edison was an American inventor and entrepreneur. He invented the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb. He is considered one of the most (if not the most) famous inventors in history. He filed over 1,000 patents for his inventions over the course of his life. His inventions had a widespread impact on the world.
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 and died on July 4, 1826. Jefferson was an American statesman, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father. He was the third president of the United States (serving from 1801-1809. The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by Jefferson. Additionally he was the first Secretary of State serving under Washington and he was John Adams’ vice president.
THOMAS SOWELL
Thomas Sowell was born on June 30, 1930 in Gastonia, North Carolina. Sowell is an American writer and political/economic commentator. He is a widely published author and is a well known voice in the conservative movement.
ULYSSES S. GRANT
Ulysses S. Grant was born on April 27, 1822, in Ohio and died on July 23, 1885, in New York. Grant was an American military leader and he also served as the 18th president of the United States. He served as the Commanding General of the Union Army and led them to victory over the Confederates in 1865. As president, he signed the bill that created the Justice Department and he also worked to protect African Americans during Reconstruction.
VOLTAIRE
Voltaire was born on November 21, 1694 in Paris, France and died on May 30, 1778 in Paris France. Voltaire was a French philosopher and writer. He was a critique of religion, specifically the Roman Catholic Church. He advocated for progressive ideas such as the separation of church and state, freedom of religion, freedom of speech and he was against slavery.
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
William the Conqueror was born c. 1028 in Malaise, France and he died on September 9, 1087 in Rouen, France. William the Conqueror was the first Norman (from France) king of England and ruled over the land for two decades. He essentially involved England in the greater European stream of life, he connected the small, somewhat isolated island, to the larger European continent.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
William Shakespeare was born around April 26, 1564, and died around April 23, 1616. Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor. Many refer to him as the greatest writer in the English language and he’s also widely regarded as the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. He wrote some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of which it’s unclear whether or not he wrote them. Some of his famous plays are Hamlet, Macbeth, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. His works are still studied heavily today throughout the world.
WINSTON CHURCHILL
Winston Churchill was born on November 30, 1874, and died on January 24, 1965. Churchill was a British soldier, writer, and statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during World War II, and again from 1951 to 1955. He is known for his strong wartime leadership, specifically leading Britain to victory over the Nazis.
WOLFGANG MOZART
Wolfgang Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria, and died on December 5, 1791, in Vienna, Austria. Mozart was one of the greatest composers of all time. His name is certainly listed among the most famous composers. Despite living only 35 years, he produced an unbelievable amount of works; totaling more than 800 across all genres.